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The monitoring center can monitor the real-time location, travel direction, and driving speed of all monitored vehicles 24 hours a day, enabling it to grasp the status of the vehicles in the most timely manner.
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GPS (Global Positioning System), or the Global Positioning System.
GPS (Global Positioning System), or the Global Positioning System, is a satellite-based navigation and positioning system developed by the United States. With this system, users can achieve all-weather, continuous, real-time three-dimensional navigation, positioning, and velocity measurement anywhere in the world. Additionally, the system enables users to perform high-precision time synchronization and highly accurate precise positioning. In real life, GPS positioning is primarily a technology used for remote, real-time location monitoring of mobile individuals, pets, vehicles, and devices. GPS positioning is a location technology that integrates GPS technology, wireless communication technologies (GSM/GPRS/CDMA), image processing technology, and GIS technology. It can mainly accomplish the following functions:
To this end, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)
To this end, the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) proposed a global positioning network called Tinmation, consisting of 12 to 18 satellites operating at an altitude of 10,000 km. In 1967, 1969, and 1974, the NRL launched one experimental satellite each year, on which they conducted preliminary tests of an atomic-clock timing system—the very foundation upon which GPS’s precise positioning relies. Meanwhile, the U.S. Air Force proposed Plan 621-B, which envisioned three to four satellite constellations, each comprising 4 to 5 satellites. Of these satellites, only one would operate in geosynchronous orbit, while the rest would follow inclined orbits with a period of 24 hours. This plan relied on pseudorandom noise (PRN) codes to transmit satellite ranging signals, and its remarkable capability allowed it to detect signals even when their density was less than 1% of the ambient noise level. The successful application of pseudorandom codes became a crucial cornerstone of GPS’s ultimate success. The Navy’s plan was primarily designed to provide low-dynamic, two-dimensional positioning for ships, whereas the Air Force’s plan aimed to deliver high-dynamic services; however, the Air Force’s system turned out to be overly complex. Since developing both systems simultaneously would have entailed enormous costs, and given that both plans were originally intended to provide global positioning, in 1973 the U.S. Department of Defense merged the two into a single system. The joint program was led by the Joint Program Office (JPO), headed by the Department of Defense, and its operational headquarters were established at the Air Force Space Division in Los Angeles. The JPO comprised a large number of members, including representatives from the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Department of Transportation, Defense Mapping Agency, NATO, and Australia.
The predecessor of the GPS system was a satellite-based positioning system called Transit, developed by the U.S. military.
The precursor to the GPS system was a satellite-based navigation system called Transit, developed by the U.S. military. It was first developed in 1958 and officially put into operation in 1964. This system operated using a constellation of five to six satellites, circling the Earth up to 13 times per day. However, it could not provide altitude information and its positioning accuracy was far from satisfactory. Nevertheless, the Transit system enabled research and development teams to gain initial experience in satellite-based positioning and demonstrated the feasibility of using satellite systems for navigation, thereby laying the groundwork for the development of the GPS system. Given the remarkable advantages of satellite positioning in navigation and the significant shortcomings of the Transit system—particularly its inability to effectively guide submarines and ships—the U.S. military’s Army, Navy, and Air Force, as well as civilian agencies, all felt an urgent need for a new satellite navigation system.
GPS is short for Global Positioning System.
GPS is short for Global Positioning System, an English term. GPS originated from a U.S. military project launched in 1958 and became operational in 1964. In the 1970s, the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force jointly developed a new-generation satellite-based positioning system known as GPS. Its primary purpose was to provide real-time, all-weather, and global navigation services across land, sea, and air domains, as well as to support various military applications such as intelligence gathering, nuclear explosion monitoring, and emergency communications. After more than 20 years of research and experimentation—and at a cost of 30 billion U.S. dollars—by 1994, a constellation of 24 GPS satellites with a global coverage rate of up to 98% had been fully deployed. In the field of mechanical engineering, GPS has another meaning: Geometrical Product Specifications, often abbreviated as GPS. Another interpretation is G/s (GB per s).